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How to make a Minecraft server
At a very high level, making a Minecraft server on Windows follows a few basic steps:
Click here to jump to the guide on how to make a Minecraft server for a Mac, and here for the guide on how to make a Minecraft server with your own Linux server.
Things to keep in mind before you start:
Setting up a server takes some effort. You need a bit of technical know-how to properly configure a Minecraft server.
You should have a basic understanding of computer and networking concepts, which are fundamental to managing any kind of server.
Specifically, you should be comfortable and familiar with:
- Using the command line
- Networking (IP, DHCP, ports)
- Your system configuration
- Your network configuration
- Your router configuration (for home setups)
Running a Minecraft server from home?
You donโt need a top-of-the-line system to run a Minecraft server; a desktop computer is ideal.
While you can run a Minecraft server and play on the same machine, youโll need a more powerful system to do it.
And lastly, use a wired ethernet connection for your server instead of wireless. A wired connection is more reliable.
What if you donโt want to host your server at home?
Hosting any kind of server from home means youโre exposing your home network to the world.
If youโd rather not take that risk, then you can use a hosting provider instead. Youโll need to pay a monthly or annual fee, but you wonโt have to deal with the hassle of managing the server hardware.
Layten Hosting is a good fit if youโre just getting started. Just keep in mind that youโre sharing hardware with other users, so keep an eye on resource usage.
If you need a little more oomph and you want to hook up a lot of players, you might try a dedicated server instead.
Make a Minecraft server on your Windows PC
1. Get the latest version of Java.
Open the Windows Control Panel. Under Programs, look for Java, and click Update Now.
Open a command prompt and enter java -version. You should see a version number.
Check the Java website to see what the most recent version is.
If your version is outdated, or if you donโt have Java installed, download it from the official website.
2. Choose a location for your Minecraft server files.
Before you download the Minecraft server software, choose a location on your PC where youโd like to run the server from.
When you first run the server, itโll create a few configuration files. Itโs best to have all these files stored in a dedicated folder.
You could place this folder on your Desktop, in your Documents folder, in your Programs folder, or anywhere else youโd like. Itโs entirely up to you.
3. Download and start the Minecraft server software.
Download the server software from the Minecraft website. It comes as a Java .jar file. Save it to the location you chose in the previous step.
Double-click the .jar file to start the server. Itโll create the server configuration files, which need to be modified before the server is ready to use.
Accept the EULA: A text file called eula.txt was created. Open the file in a text editor and change eula=false to eula=true. Failing to accept the EULA will prevent you from starting the Minecraft server.
What if you see a โCanโt save server propertiesโ error? Run the Minecraft server as an administrator by right clicking the .jar file and selecting โRun as administratorโ.
4. Enable port forwarding on your router.
Note: Port forwarding can be a security risk.
If youโre just hosting a server for players on your local network, you donโt need to worry about port forwarding. If, however, you want to make your server accessible to the world, youโll need to enable port forwarding on your router. (To learn more about port forwarding, check out PortForward.com for tutorials.)
Refer to your routerโs documentation to find specific instructions on how to configure port forwarding for your device. For Minecraft, youโll need to forward TCP port 25565.
Youโll also need to enter your serverโs local IP address as the Output IP or Server IP for the forwarded port. This tells the router which device to point at. To find your serverโs local IP, open a command prompt and enter ipconfig.
5. Start the Minecraft server.
To start the Minecraft server, open the Windows command prompt.
Navigate to the file path where the Minecraft server file (named something like โminecraft_server.1.12.2.jarโ) was installed.
Start the server with the following command:
java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -jar {server file name} nogui
(Replace {server file name} with the actual server file name.)
If youโd rather use the serverโs UI, exclude the โnoguiโ parameter:
java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -jar {server file name}
You can also create a .bat file to batch the commands together.
Once the server is running, you can invite others to connect to your server via your local IP address if theyโre on your home network, or via your external/public IP address if theyโre not on your home network.
6. Connecting to your server
Players can join your server by following these steps:
- Selecting โmultiplayerโ in Minecraft.
- Clicking โadd serverโ.
- Entering your server name.
- Entering your server address. Your server address is your IP address followed by the port number 25565. You can find your public IP address by searching for โmy ip addressโ on Google. If you have an IPv6 address, you should put square brackets [] around it
- Clicking โdoneโ.
- Minecraft should now connect to the server and players will be able to click โjoin serverโ.
If you encounter any problems, check if your server is accessible by entering your public IP address into the Minecraft Server Status Checker.
Make a Minecraft server on your Mac
1. Make sure you have Java installed.
Newer versions of MacOS includes Java by default. If youโre running an older version of MacOS (OS X), you may need to download the legacy version of Java from the Apple website.
2. Choose a location for your Minecraft server files.
Create a folder to contain your Minecraft server files. You could create the folder on your desktop, for example, but the choice is completely up to you.
3. Download the Minecraft server software.
Download the server software from the Minecraft website. It comes as a Java .jar file. Save it to the location you chose in the previous step.
Open TextEdit. Set the format to plain text. Enter the following:
#!/bin/bash
cd โ$(dirname โ$0โณ)โ
exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar {server file name} nogui
(Replace {server file name} with the actual server file name.)
Save the file as start.command in the same folder where the serverโs .jar file is located.
Open the Terminal and grant permissions for the new start.command file so it can be run. Type chmod a+x with a space after the command. Drag and drop the start.command file into the terminal window. Press Enter.
4. Enable port forwarding on your router.
Note: Port forwarding can be a security risk.
If youโre just hosting a server for players on your local network, you donโt need to worry about port forwarding. If, however, you want to make your server accessible to the world, youโll need to enable port forwarding on your router. (To learn more about port forwarding, check out PortForward.com for tutorials.)
Refer to your routerโs documentation to find specific instructions on how to configure port forwarding for your device. For Minecraft, youโll need to forward TCP port 25565.
Youโll also need to enter your serverโs local IP address as the Output IP or Server IP for the forwarded port. This tells the router which device to point at. To find your serverโs local IP, open the Terminal and enter ifconfig.
5. Start the Minecraft server.
Double-click the โstart.commandโ file you created in step 3. A Terminal window will open. Youโll probably see error messages the first time you run the server. This is normal.
Once the server is running, you can invite others to connect to your server via your local IP address if theyโre on your home network, or via your external/public IP address if theyโre not on your home network.
Follow these steps to have people connect to your server.
Make a Minecraft server on a Linux host
If youโre not inclined to host a Minecraft server at home, you can spin up a Linux hosting plan to do it instead. This way youโre not responsible for managing any of the hardware, plus youโre not exposing your private home network to the public.
As mentioned before, a Linux VPS hosting plan from Layten Hosting is a lightweight option if youโre experimenting or not expecting a lot of players to join your server. If, however, youโre expecting a lot of players, you should look at using a dedicated Linux server instead.
To follow these steps, youโll need to connect to your hosting with SSH. (If youโre not familiar with the process, this Help article has you covered.)
1. Install Java.
While SSHโd into your host as the root user, enter the command:
apt-cache search openjdk
Thisโll list the available OpenJDK packages that can install Java. For this example weโll select openjdk-7-jdk, which is the OpenJDK 7 Development Kit.
Update the list of available packages from the remote repositories:
apt-get update
Then install the selected software package:
apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
Press โYโ when prompted to authorize the required storage space for installation. Once thatโs done, verify that Java has been successfully installed:
java -version
You should see the version of Java that has just been installed.
2. Create a location for your Minecraft server files.
Create a directory on your host where the Minecraft server files will be saved, then change to that directory.
mkdir minecraft
cd minecraft
3. Download the Minecraft server files.
Within the Minecraft directory, run the wget command to download the Minecraft server files:
wget -O minecraft_server.jar https://s3.amazonaws.com/Minecraft.Download/versions/1.12.2/minecraft_server.1.12.2.jar
(Tip: Double-check the Minecraft download page for the URL to the latest version.)
Next, weโll need to install and run โscreenโ, so that your server continues to run even when youโre not connected:
yum install screen
screen
4. Start your Minecraft server.
java -Xmx512M -Xms512M -jar minecraft_server.jar nogui
(Tip: You can change the -Xmx and -Xms settings to adjust allocated memory for the Minecraft server. For example, you could enter -Xmx1G -Xmx1G to bump it up to 1GB of RAM. The available memory will depend on your hosting plan.)
To make sure everything is running correctly, stop your server with:
stop
Then edit the โserver.propertiesโ file and set:
enable-query=true
Save the โserver.propertiesโ file and restart your server. From there, enter your server IP address into the Minecraft Server Status Checker to see if itโs publicly accessible.
5. Point a domain at your Minecraft server.
Providing players with an easy-to-remember domain name instead of a complicated IP address makes it even easier for people to connect to your Minecraft server.
Itโs super simple: Update your domainโs DNS records by adding an โAโ record for your domain (using @ as hostname), or subdomain (using something like โmcโ as the hostname), that points to your Minecraft serverโs IP address.
Note that it can take up to ~24 hours for DNS changes to take effect globally.
If youโre not sure how to change DNS records, take a look at this Help article for adding an A record.